Front axle design pdf

Diagram ax2 below shows a beam axle, which can be used as a rear axle in front wheel drive vehicles or as a front axle in rear wheel drive vehicles. Design and development of a cvt and front axle for a quarter. Axle load calculations general information about axle load calculations 04. The landing legs should be of suitable capacity with gear mechanism to lift the loaded trailer when required. Design and analysis of front axle for two wheel drive tractor. Remove the front propeller shafttofront axle bolts. Corcoran and gove, 1985, depends on the static distribution, the design of the suspension mechanism supporting the bogie wheels, and vehicle weight transfer characteristics. Pdf stress analysis and fatigue analysis of front axle of. W7000727 axle seat bottom plate the bottom axle plate is found underneath the axle housing, and is held in place by ubolts. The advantages of using a rigid axle for the rear axle design are.

Symmetry advantages are derived from the usage of an ibeam in the rear axle. Chapter 11 drive lines, differentials, drive axles, and. Understand basic service and repair of a differential. Pdf design and analysis of front axle for heavy commercial.

Front wheels of the vehicle are mounted on front axles. Shafts and axles carry heavy loads, sometimes rotating at incredible speed. This is the part which transmits relative power to both the back wheels while turning. Two fixed single piston calipers on front wheels and one floating dual piston caliper on the rear inboard disc is used. The front axle is designed to transmit the weight of the automobile front the spring to the front. Trailer design considerations axle mounting spread axle mounting will lend added support to frame structures but will result in more tire wear and impose higher stresses on the axle components and axle mountings. Im passionate about discovering one of a kind items and using them in a functional living space. Design analysis and optimization of front axle for commercial vehicle using cae. It is a beam running crosswise to and supporting chassis. An axle is a central shaft for a rotating wheel or gear. An epicyclic differential can use epicyclic gearing to split and apportion torque asymmetrically between the front and rear axles. A concept in which simulations and calculations are used to aid the designer from the beginning of a design process.

Design and manufacture of an adaptive suspension system a major qualifying project report submitted to the faculty of worcester polytechnic institute this report represents the work of wpi undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of completion of a degree requirement. The existing geometry of the front axle is modified to the optimum size which suits for functional requirements with increased life and minimum cost. These axles have been used optionally in production with dana design axles from 1977 thru 1980. A live front axle, as compared to the dead axle, has the additional function of transmitting the driving power taken from a transfer gearbox to the front wheels having a. Axle model identification, part number and serial number are located on a tag at the axle centerline. Pdf optimal design of a rigid front axle beam for trucks. Pdf design analysis and optimization of front axle for commercial.

To this kingpin stub axle plays a major role in direction control of a vehicle. The axles in a system must also bear the weight of the vehicle plus any cargo. Pdf stress analysis and fatigue analysis of front axle. Aim of the project is to stress analysis and predict the life of front axle for vertical, and. The positioning of the front and rear axles is one of the most fundamental design decisions to be made. There has been exhaustive efforts to develop the front axle design by studying. Design and dynamic analysis of locomotive wheel axle. Chapter 11 drive lines, differentials, drive axles, and power. Record the new front axle load and the distance between the wheel hub center and the ground. The ends of front axle are suitably designed to accommodate stub axles.

Specific applications like front bucket, bund preparation and paddy field demand very rigid axle design. The ends of the axle beam are formed suitably to assemble the stub axle. So, proper design and optimization of front axle is extremely crucial to improve strength to weight ratio. An epicyclic differential is at the heart of the toyota prius automotive drive train, where it interconnects the engine, motorgenerators, and the drive wheels which have a second differential for splitting torque as usual. Dead front axle dead axles are those axles, which donet rotate. Front axle is one of the most critical aggregate of the tractor. Front axle, design, analysis, automobile axle, construction and working of front axle beam. Strange engineering custom axle order form available for downloading, strange makes it easy to place an order for custom axles for your drag racing application. The figure shows that maximu m front axle weight is attained when the truck is. Describe the principles of the limited slip differential. Design and manufacture of an adaptive suspension system. The design group that designs front axle beams, among other components. Quality is ensured as all strange axles are proudly made in the usa by strange engineering. This catalog contains applications and part listings for front and rear axles which fit vehicles from model years 19781998.

Design and analysis of a heavy vehicle front axle ijmetmr. Vt velocity, theoretical va velocity, actual t axle torque gt gross traction. This information will help to locate information in this book and to identify the correct parts for servicing. Development of methodology for simulation driven design. Design of front axle is more important and critical in application stand point. Model listing the following models are included in this publication. Steering system and suspension design for 2005 formula saea racer car a dissertation submitted by cristina elena popa in fulfilment of the requirements of courses eng4111 and 4112 research project towards the degree of bachelor of engineering mechanical submitted. These include the front axle being able to adequately support the weight of the tractor with minimum deflection. The figure shows that maximu m front axle weight is attained when the truck is laden to about 65%.

Pdf in the global competition, it is very important for the manufacturer to bring new product designs to market at a faster rate and at reduced. Front axle carries the weight of the front part of automobile as well facilitates steering and absorb shock due to road surface variations. S and others published design and optimization of front axle of heavy truck find, read and. Front axle of heavy duty truck is the important component of vehicle and needs good design under the various loading conditions of the complete vehicle. Design of three and four link suspensions for off road use. Replace cv drive axle never use impact wrench to remove axle nut damage to bearing and cvjoint many suspension components are removed and wheel alignment often required after replacing. When the vehicle moves along a straight path the longer links ab, pq are suitably. The front axles are usually dead axles because they do not rotate, in contrast to the live axles that they are used in the rear axle to transmit power to the rear wheels. The paper focuses on design, analysis and optimization of front axle. The spec number will identify all the component parts of the axle as built by spicer, including special oem requirements such as yokes or flanges. The schaeffler eaxle configurator schaeffler symposium 2018. Torque is applied to one axle and reacted by other axle.

Located at the front, the axle casing would be located reimpell. The front axle beam is one of the major parts of vehicle suspension system. Obviously, you cant expect any old piece of rod to work. For a vehicle with equal cornering stiffness tyre front and rear, it is best to place the centroid of the suspension on the centre of gravity as shown in fig. Due to this compact design, there is an option of integrating longer, powerful motors into the drive axle without infringing the installation space specifications in the vehicle. Refer to les andrews model a mechanics handbook for the process. A permanent magnet synchronous motor is currently in development which produces a torque of. Heavyduty axles drivetrain solutions for heavyduty commercial and military applications.

The center is dropped considerably, that is, the topmost surface of the axle bed is located considerably below the center of the wheel spindle, since it is intended for use with full elliptic front springs and pneumatic tires. These axles have sufficient rigidity and strength to take the weight. If the design of vehicle requires the centre of gravity to be away from the centroid of the suspension, then tyre sizes can be. Understand the adjustment of the ring and pinion gears. The following conceptual designs are to be compared.

Mandal sk, maity a, prasad a, karmakar s, maji p 2016 engineering design at concept stage for a front axle design a case study. Dependent suspension system a dependent suspension normally has a beam or live axle that holds wheels parallel to each. Pdf design analysis and optimization of front axle for. This includes axles, suspension, brakes, electrical, landing legs, kingpin, rims, tires and turntable in the fulltrailer. Mr rr slr nt t w1 va wd gt w2 w3 w4 w5 ground line dh rt. Fatigue life evaluvation of an automobile front axle. Fulltrailers not having steerable axle shall have turntable above the front axle. In this analysis, the geometry of the front axle is modified and a new design is proposed. Capacity variations are achieved by combining basic differential carrier assemblies with different axle housings, axle shafts, and wheel equipment. The specification number assigned to the axle build by spicer. Front and rear seals 5 and 6 prevent dirt and foreign bodies entering the axle box, while the front seal 6 can be removed to monitor the condition of the bearing and add lubricant. Bore diameter for front and rear caliper is 30mm rear and 27mm respectively.

The approach in this research paper has been divided into two steps. However, on front axles with leaf springs, the pitman arm joint 4, which sits on the steering gear 1, must be disposed in such a manner that when the axle is at full suspension travel, the lower joint 8 describes the same arc 9 as the centre of the front axle housing figs 4. National standards and specification for trailers semi. If there are waves or a bow in the axle is must be sent to a. Increased tire wear usually results from the added side scrubbing that occurs when negotiating sharp turns or corners. I love creating spaces for people that are welcoming, stylish and always a personal reflection of their unique taste. Spicer axles are designed to meet oem vehicle manufacturers design and performance specifications. For the latest product additions and program details, visit us on the web at single drive axle tandem drive axle. Unit 7 front axle and steering front axle and steering. Identify the parts of the rear drive axle and front drive axle. Positive identification of the corporation chevrolet axle. On wheeled vehicles, the axle may be fixed to the wheels, rotating with them, or fixed to the vehicle, with the wheels rotating around the axle. Mechanical design and optimisation processes of an axle beam which is the main load carrying part of the heavy commercial vehicle solid front suspensions are summarised. Design optimisation of four wheel drive tractor front axle.

Further inspection of the axle requires disassembly of the front end. Optimization of front axle for heavy commercial vehicle by. A formidable front axle works in tandem with a robust front. Lay the axle down and take a straight edge along the front and back of the axle check that it is straight. Suspension axle seat forms a strong, secure joint between the radius spring and the axle. Types of uspension s system used in automobiles suspension systems can be broadly classified into two subgroups dependent and independent. Axletech is an innovative drivetrain solutions provider. Two master cylinders having a bore diameter of 14mm are used.

It consisted solely of a fixed continuous member extending across the entire front end of the vehicle connecting the two steerable wheels. It uses a simple beam that attaches to the chassis through links and springsdampers. If a different hub axle is used to secure the hub, it. If passengers sit on a seat over the rear axle, on average 75% of their weight is carried on the rear axle reimpell,199631 4. Front axle carries the weight of front part of the automobile, as well as facilitates steering and absorbs shocks due to road surface variations. The turntable shall be of suitable size and capacity. Dana single reduction axles with standard wheel differential s5l s5n s5s. At the ends of the beam can be steerable knuckleshubs for a front axle or nonsteerable hubs for a rear axle. Engineering design at concept stage for a front axle design. When the vehicle is steering to the right, the position of the gear is shown by. In this position, the lines of the front wheel axle intersect on the back wheel axle at i, for correct steering. The life expectancy of the front axle was predicted for the dynamic load using ansys fatigue design module. Bearings or bushings are provided at the mounting points where the axle is supported. Understand basic service operations on a transfer case.

A dead front axle has enough rigidity and strength to carry the weight of the vehicle from the springs to the front wheels. Front axle includes the axle beam, stubaxles with swivel pin brake assemblies, track rod and stub axle arm as shown in figure1. Improper conversion or alteration of these axles can damage the axles andor. Axle model low ratio case high ratio case axle model low ratio case high ratio case model 27 3. In order to accommodate a swivel pin connecting the sub axle portion of the assembly, the ends of the beam are usually shaped either as a yoke or. We design and manufacture planetary axles for military and commercial applications ranging from construction equipment to airport ground support. It is strongly recommended that only the hub axle that is shipped with the shimano hub is used. Automobiles running on our streets are furnished with the most essential part at the rear side called as differential. Sanjay yadav1, ravi kumar mishra1, varish ansari1, shyam bihari lal2. Steering system and suspension design for 2005 formula. Axle model identification, part number andor serial number is located on the axle centerline. Front axle includes the axle beam, stub axles with swivel pin brake assemblies, track rod and stub axle arm as shown in figure1.

Remove the front drive shafttofront axle assemblybolts. For each axle model, there is a highratio and a lowratio case as illustrated below. Figure 4 three link front left and four link rear rightshows a three link and four link system. Understand the procedures for removing and replacing axle bearings and seals. Custom axle order form custom axles for drag racing. It helps maintain axle alignment with the springs in the suspension and prevents movement of the axle.