This is the cycle of the steam produced in the boiler, then taken to the steam turbine prime. Turbine definition and types of turbines hydraulic. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages. Unit iii unit iii steam nozzles and turbines flow of steam through nozzles, shapes of nozzles, effect of friction, critical pressure. Beyond the turbine end of the gas generator is a freely rotating turbine. Flow of steam through nozzles, shapes of nozzles, effect of friction, critical pressure ratio,supersaturated flow. The steam turbine drive is capable of serving the same function as a variable speed drive electric motor driver.
The governor does this function by controlling the steam flow through the turbine by adjusting the control value. Alternatively the exhaust steam may be used for process purposes. A steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to. The first steam turbine rail locomotive was built in 1908 for the officine meccaniche miani silvestri grodona comi, milan, italy. Reaction turbines and water wheels, a type of turbine, are very efficient machines. Emerson upgrades gas and steam turbine controls at mexicos.
Impulse turbine pressure energy of steam is converted into kinetic energy. Because of their unique design, maximum energy is extracted from the flowing stream. As well as there being two different types of steam turbines, there are also a number of different mechanical arrangements, these being cross compound, tandem and single casing. The advantages of the kaplan turbine are listed below. The power output of a gas turbine depends on the ambient temperature. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power.
Rotor is the heart of the steam turbine and it affects the efficiency of the steam turbine. In these notes we will focus on stationary plants for electric power generation, however, gas turbines are also used as jet engines in aircraft. Power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power plant cycles. Steam condenser definition, working, types and advantages february 21, 2017 october 27, 2017 pankaj mishra 2 comments thermal engineering steam condenser is a mechanical device which converts the low pressure exhaust steam from the turbine into water. Steam turbine and steam nozzle interview question and answers steam turbine and steam nozzle interview, viva, oral question and answers 1. It has a steamgenerating capacity of 9095 thr and steam pressure upto 150155 bar. Turbine is a class of turbo machinery used to convert the energy in a flowing fluid into mechanical energy by the use of rotor mechanisms.
This figure also shows a dual shaft gas turbine, where the gas generator and power turbine are. We have heard many time the word turbine, but most of us dont know more about it. In an extracting type turbine, steam is released from variousin an extracting type turbine, steam is released from various stages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sentstages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sent to boiler feed water heater to. Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss figure 4. Since the steam turbine is a rotary heat engine, it is particularly suited to be used to drive an electrical generator. The chart covers the type of steam traps and the major advantages that armstrong feels are superior for each 4. Steam power plant configuration, design, and control. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter4 steam turbine. Water driven tubes are used primarily for the development of hydroelectric energy. The operation of steam turbine depends on the dynamic action of steam expanded through. This article provides an overview of fossilfuel power plant ffpp con. Today we will learn about what is turbine and types of turbines used in mechanical industries. The rankine cycle is a model used to predict the performance of steam turbine systems.
About 35% of total superheated steam is used for power generation and remaining 65% is used in the evaporating drum for generating steam. Published by the associate dean, college of horticulture, vellanikkara, kerala agricultural university. A steamthermal power station uses heat energy generated from burning coal to produce electrical energy. Exhaust steam flows over the tubes to increase evaporation of cooling water, which further increases the condensation of steam. Advantages and disadvantages of a thermal power plant advantages. Cooling water of impure quality can be used because the cooling water does not come in contact with steam.
Elliotts new highspeed, highefficiency multivalve steam turbine combines the reliability of an impulse style turbine with the. Advantages and disadvantages of steam turbine steam engine. They can be particularly efficientup to 60 %when waste heat from the gas turbine is recovered by a conventional steam turbine in a. Advantages and disadvantages of gas turbines and steam turbines. In an extracting type turbine, steam is released from variousin an extracting type turbine, steam is released from various stages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sentstages of the turbine, and used for industrial process needs or sent to boiler feed water heater to improve overall cycle boiler feed water heater to improve overall cycle efficiency. Reaction turbine blading and conditions figure 3 shows, at the top. Steam turbines startups 1 principles of steam turbines startups. In steamships, advantages of steam turbines over reciprocating engines are. The steam coming out from the turbine is then passed through steam reheater before supplying to low pressure turbine. There can be two basic types of hydraulic turbines.
Advantages of the steam turbine 01 there are some frictional losses in a reciprocating engine as some arrangements are required for conversion of reciprocating motion into circular motion. Another form of the second law of thermodynamics or carnots principle is that. A combined cycle power plant consists of gas turbines, heat recovery steam generators, steam turbines and power generators. But in a steam turbine, no friction losses are there because of no moving parts. Steam turbine drives are equipped with throttling valves or nozzle governors to modulate steam flow and achieve variable speed operation. Advantages and disadvantages of steam turbine free download as word doc.
The major advantage of such a control are favourable operation. It is not mechanically connected to the gas generator, but instead is mechanically coupled, 1. Advantages and disadvantages of steam turbines advantages since the steam turbine is a rotary heat engine, it is particularly suited to be used to drive an electrical generator. Unesco eolss sample chapters thermal power plants vol. Very high powertoweight ratio, compared to reciprocating engines. The steam for process purposes is extracted from a certain section of turbine and the remaining steam is allowed to expand in the turbine. It was also used to study the performance of reciprocating steam engines. For example, assume you are looking for information concerning the proper trap to use on a gravity drained jacketed kettle. Turbines can also be termed as machines extracting energy from fluids. It is a device which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy or hydraulic energy into electrical energy. Temperature control is important for preventing excessive temperature in the turbine.
Introduction to steam turbine parts of steam turbine and. In 1924 krupp built the steam turbine locomotive t18 001, operational in 1929, for deutsche reichsbahn. The advantages and disadvantages of each type are presented in fig. It is an idealized cycle in which friction losses in each of the four components are neglected. A generating station which converts heat energy of coal combustion into electrical energy is known as a steam. Unesco eolss sample chapters thermal power plants steam turbine components and systems r. In this article, we see about the impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working and difference. That is, it is not possible to design a heat engine that does not exhaust heat to the environment. Impulse and reaction principles, compounding, velocity diagrams for simple and multistage turbines, speed regulationsgovernors and nozzle governors. The curtis stage turbine, as it came to be called, is composed of one stage of nozzles as the singlestage turbine, followed. A steam turbine is a mechanical device that converts thermal energy in. The rankine cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle of a heat engine that converts heat into mechanical work while undergoing phase change. Two types of modern steam turbines and their mechanical.
Turbine is a device which convert kinetic energy of fluid into mechanical energy. Elliott introduces highspeed steam turbine elliott group. The efficiency of the kaplan turbine is very high as compares with other types of hydraulic turbines. Alwash lecture notes university of babylon electrical machines mechanical department d. Ppt steam turbines powerpoint presentation free to. Impulse turbine and reaction turbineprinciple, working.
Approach to high efficiency diesel and gas engines pdf. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Optimize turbine performance quicker and more efficiently. Micro turbine systems have many advantages over piston engine generators, such as higher power density with respect to footprint and weight, extremely low emissions and few, or just one. Thermal efficiency of a steam turbine is usually higher than that of a reciprocating engine. What is meant by super saturation in steam nozzles. Owing to the high velocity, the residence time of steam in. Steam turbine and steam nozzle interview question and. Governor is a heart component of the turbine which controls it during steady state and transient conditions. This type of power station is widely used around the world. The purpose of gasturbine power plants is to produce mechanical power from the expansion of hot gas in a turbine. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter6 gas turbines. Steam turbines can usually operate across a broad speed range and do not fail when overloaded. Thermal stations can be private industrial plants and central station.
Chaplin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss both of these have double casings with the exhaust steam circulating in the annular space between the casings as in the case of the high pressure turbine. It is not possible to make a heat engine whose only effect is to absorb heat from a hightemperature region and turn all that heat into work. First, a brief introduction of ffpp fundamentals and con. In this article, we see about the impulse turbine and reaction turbine principle, working and difference. It is hoped that this notes helps a working engineer have a better insight into the. Derive the efficiency of ranking cycle in a steam power plant and write its advantages. Please support us at so that we can add one more member to the team and will be able to release 2 educational videosmonth. Steam turbine is the widely use as a prime mover in power plants, refineries, petrochemical plants, food processing plants, power plants etc. This turbine work more efficiently at low water head and high flow rates as compared with other turbines.
What is the difference between a gas turbine, a steam. We have the advantages, disadvantage, layout, working principle of steam power station or steam power plant in this article. A steam turbine is a form of prime mover in which the energy available with highpressure steam is converted into mechanical power directly in the form of rotary motion. Steam turbine governing and its mechanism ece tutorials. Or, it is not possible to design a heat engine that has an efficiency of 1. The main advantages of a steam turbine locomotive are better rotational balance and reduced hammer blow on the. This leads to offshoot advantages, such as improved power transfer to pulleys or grinding stones. Power plants, steam and gas turbines webquest mdpi. Introduction to steam turbine parts of steam turbine and its function introduction to steam turbines a steam turbine is a device that converts the thermal energy of steam into mechanical energy by turning the blades of a rotor. In impulse turbines a free jet of water strikes the. Turbine is a rotary engine that converts the energy of a moving stream of water, steam, or gas into mechanical energy. Definition a steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized.
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